Correlation of Vitamin D level with severity of Coronary Artery Disease(CAD) in patients of Acute Coronary Syndrome(ACS) in a Tertiary Care Centre in Western India

Abstract

Background : Vitamin D deficiency (VDD) is a widespread problem in developing countries. Recent
studies have shown association of Vitamin D deficiency with atherosclerosis and Coronary artery disease.
This study was conducted to assess the relationship between Vitamin D and the severity of coronary artery
disease (CAD) in patients undergoing coronary angiography.
Materials and methods: Consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography for acute coronary
syndrome or effort angina were included in a descriptive cross-sectional study and their Vitamin D level
was measured. CAD was defined as at least one vessel stenosis >50% on coronary angiography. Vitamin D
levels were correlated to the CAG findings as to the severity and number of vessels involved and also to the
traditional CAD risk factors
Results: Vitamin D Deficiency was noted in 70.72% of the population in the study. Patients were classified
as normal Vitamin D level(> 30ng/ml), Vitamin D insufficiency (20-30ng/ml) and Vitamin D Deficiency
(<20ng/ml). Vitamin D levels had inversely correlated with significant coronary artery disease both for
number of vessels involved and severity (p<0.001) and dyslipidemia(p=0.009). No significant association
was found between VDD and other risk factors such as age, sex , hypertension, diabetes mellitus and
smoking.
Conclusion : Vitamin D deficiency was noted in majority of the patients undergoing CAG and was found
to be significantly associated with the prevalence and severity of CAD. However studies involving larger
population are needed to evaluate whether supplementation with vitamin D may help in prevention of
atherosclerosis and further development of CAD.