Study of Otoacoustic Emissions and Brainstem Evoked Response Audiometry in Infants

Abstract

Aim and objective: To evaluate the usefulness of otoacoustic emissions and brainstem evoked response

audiometry for assessment of hearing loss in newborn.

Materials and Method: Total of 370 healthy newborns were subjected to ENT examination, otoacoustic

emissions (OAE) within 3 days to 30 days of birth. All newborn with normal hearing at OAE were not

studied further, and for refer cases OAE testing was carried out again at 3rd month of age. The infants who

failed the second OAE were subjected to brainstem evoked response audiometry (BERA). All newborn with

abnormal BERA were subjected to repeat BERA at 6th month of age.

Results: All 370 healthy enrolled babies underwent OAE testing. Of which 200 (54.05%) passed the test

and 170 (45.95 %) were referred. All 170 referred babies underwent repeat OAE at age of 3 months. Of

which 50 passed the test and 120 were referred again. All these 120 referred cases were subjected to further

testing using BERA between the ages 3-4 months. 2 were found to be having profound hearing loss during

BERA testing at 3-4 months as well as at 6 months.

Conclusion: Profound hearing loss was found in 2 out of 370 enrolled normal newborn. This also means that

if only ‘at risk’ babies were screened there is likely chance of missing impaired hearing in newborn without

any risk factor. Hence, during hearing assessment it is mandatory to include all newborns irrespective of

their status normal or ‘at risk’.