Eclia Test- Review

Abstract

Chemiluminescent immunoassay is a modification of standard enzyme immunoassay which is a biochemical
technique that has evolved to be used in recent times. Immunoassay is a diagnostic biochemical test used
to quantify an analyte or a specific substance from blood or other body fluids. Electrochemiluminescence
immunoassay (ECLIA) is a new developing method to determine antibodies in human being’s blood
sample.this has evolved from various other immunoassay methods that were previously used for detection
of enzyme/antibody etc. The test takes place following three principles. Electrochemiluminescence
immunoassay testing has been used to detect many markers such as typhoid, cardiac, tumor markers and
various infectious diseases in in-vitro analysis. It is also frequently used in the detection of recombinant
specific treponemal antigens. Research articles were searched from search engines such as MeSH, pubMed,
Core, Google Scholar, Cochrane etc. the time period considere was from 2000 - 2020 which is 20 years.
Articles were studied and data were collected under different headings. In Spite of many advantages of
immunoassays, they have some limitations. Immunoassays rely primarily on activity between analyte
and the natural antibody, they may have more intrinsic imprecision than other methods used in medicine
analysis. Biological markers might produce false positive results and usage of viral markers is still not found
for the process of electrochemiluminescence immunoassay test. Late night salivary cortisol concentration,
an indicator of cushing’s syndrome, is detected using this test. This research provides in-depth knowledge
and awareness of electrochemiluminescence immunoassay tests and paves the way for better diagnostic
methods for the future.