Antimicrobial Resistance Pattern of Bacterial Pathogens in Intensive Care Unit (ICU) of Tertiary Care Hospital

Abstract

Introduction: In ICU the spread of drug resistance has been realized that is related to widespread of antibiotics
uses. In ICU the rate of antimicrobial resistance is higher than in general hospital setting. The emergence of
MDR bacteria is an increasing problematic cause of health care associated infections in ICUs, not only due
to increased morbidity and mortality, but also due to increased treatment costs as result of frequent empirical
failure and lengthy hospital stay. Aim: The main purpose of this study was to know prevalence of the drug
resistance pattern for the patients admitted in ICUs. Material and Method: The study was conducted in the
Department of Microbiology of a tertiary care hospital in Maharashtra during December 2019 to May 2020.
In this study patients admitted in ICUs of the hospital who were clinically suspected of having any infection
were included. Depending on the clinical suspicion from the patients samples were collected. Samples
were subjected to testing for identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing. Result: E.coli was the most
common organism isolated and shows highly resistance to Amoxcillin+Clavulanic acid, Ciprofloxacin.
ESBL producer were 20.17% out of all isolate and 29.07% out of total Gram negative organism. Among
all Gram positive organism 13(61.90%) were Staphylococcus aureus in which 8(61.54%) were MRSA.
Enterococcus showed 100% resistance to Erythromycin and Penicillin whereas Staphylococcus aureus
showed 84.62% and 69.23% resistance to Penicillin and Erythromycin respectively. Conclusion: This study
concludes general overview of the incidence and antimicrobial resistance of bacteria isolated from ICU.
Gram Negative Organisms are causing more infection than Gram Positive Organisms in ICU patients.
Hence gram negative organisms are more resistance to higher antibiotics. So antibiotics are used carefully.
Therefore antibiotics policies should be formed for ICU and other critical care facilities.