Factors Related to Postnatal Care Utilization in Indonesia in 2018: An Ecological Study

Abstract

Postnatal care is very crucial in the postnatal period because it is a critical period for babies. This study aims
to analyze the factors related to postnatal care utilization (1st neonatal visits) in Indonesia. The ecological
analysis was conducted using secondary data from the Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia
report in 2018. All provinces were taken as samples. Apart from postnatal care utilization, 5 other variables
analyzed as independent variables were the ANC 1st visit, ANC 4th visits, poverty depth index, percentage
of health centers with sufficient midwives, and the ratio of gynecologist per 100,000 population. The results
show there was a tendency for a positive relationship between ANC 1st visit and 1st neonatal visit. The higher
the ANC 1st visit coverage, the higher the 1st neonatal visit coverage (p = 0.034). Meanwhile, there was also
a trend towards a positive relationship between the ANC 1st visit and the 1st neonatal visit. The higher the
coverage of the ANC 4th visit, the higher the coverage of the 1st neonatal visit (p = 0.040). Moreover, poverty
depth index, percentage of health centers with sufficient midwives, and the ratio of gynecologist per 100,000
population were found to have no significant correlation with 1st neonatal visits. It could be concluded that
from the 5 independent variables analyzed, 2 variables were proven to be ecologically positively related to
postnatal care utilization (1st neonatal visit), namely ANC 1st visit and ANC 4th visit.