A Retrospective Study to Assess the Risk Factors of Ventilator Associated Pneumonia (VAP) among Patients Undergone Mechanical Ventilator

Abstract

Background: Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia (VAP) is a hospital acquired pneumonia or it is a lower
respiratory tract infection which common occurs in patients who were kept on mechanical ventilation with
endotracheal tube or tracheotomy for more than 48 hrs.
Objective: The aim of this study is to assess the risk factors of ventilator associated pneumonia.
Methods and Materials: This is a retrospective study conducted in a specialized surgical care unit of 57
beds with 18 ICU beds; all patients who underwent the procedure of invasive mechanical ventilation for
more than 48 hours. These patients were divided into two groups, group A has developed the VAP and group
B has not developed the VAP. Some certain risk factors were assessed among the patients who developed
the VAP with help of records.
Results: Researchers have searched 100 patients’ data who were admitted and treated on mechanical
ventilation. The percentage of the length of stay in the ICU with VAP is 64% and the patients without VAP
is about 36%. The death rate was 54.2%, among VAP patients. About 53 % of the patients developed VAP
who had the previous hospitalization, 69 % of the patients developed VAP with previous history of steroid
treatment and 50 % of the VAP patients had undergone the surgical procedure and 84 % of VAP patients had
the endotracheal tube or tracheotomy
Conclusion: In this study the patients who had undergone the MV developed VAP significantly with
endotracheal tube or tracheotomy.