Study the Effect of Poly Aromatic Hydrocharbons by Using Biochemical Tests in Chicken Embryos

Abstract

The major risk of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in all ecosystems originates from human race
activity such as petroleum refining and other industrial processes. PAHs cause several effects at low doses
in animals in different ecosystem. The aim of this study was to assess the treatment of AL-Dura refinery
wastes before being discharged to the river by studying their effects on the liver and renal functions in
chicken embryos which used as a model exposed in vivo. One hundred and twenty local eggs were incubated
horizontally at 37.5±0.5?C with a relative humidity of 65% in an egg incubator. Sixty eggs were used for
hatchability study, were as other sixty eggs were used for biochemical analysis. On day 15th of incubation,
the eggs were randomly divided into three different treatment groups and marked for identification. The first
A and second group B were exposed by injections with the residues of AL-Dura refinery (after treatment)
and at the concentration of (2, 4) ppm respectively and 0.2 ml / egg into the air cell with sterile siring,
then sealed with melted paraffin. Control group was injected with Olive oil. On day 18th of incubation the
samples of blood were collected from embryos. Liver function was measured using a biochemical assay with
diagnostic kits of specific enzymes (ALT, AST, and ALP). Ceratinine and urea level were measured to asses
renal function. The result showed a signenificant increase p? .05in the level of liver enzymes (ALT, AST),
ceratinine and urea by increasing the exposure dose, were as there is a decrease in the level of ALP with the
increasing of exposure dose. Hatchability rat were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased with dose exposure
increase. Mortalities in the chicken embryos of all groups showed dose-dependent relationship. That shows
there are a clear effect of oil waste on liver and renal function, and an indication of the inefficient treatment
of these waste before being discharged to the river.