Gigantomastia Bilateral Induced Efavirenz: A Case Report

Abstract

The prognosis of HIV-infection has improved dramatically since the introduction of Highly Active
Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART). With the need for a lifelong treatment, the longterm side effect of
antiretroviral agents is an emergent issue of concern. Gigantomastia is a rare condition characterized by
excessive breast growth. It may occur spontaneously, during puberty or pregnancy, or while taking certain
medications. HAART medications which probably associated with gigantomastia is efavirenz. A 25-yearold woman with HIV-infection who developed bilateral gigantomastia while receiving efavirenz-based
HAART regimens. The diagnosis was made after other possible causes of disease-induced gigantomastia
were exclude and confirmed by mammography. Surgical treatment has been considered after failure of
medical treatment. Although it is rare, physicians should be aware so that a timely diagnosis can be made.
In most cases, only conservative treatment is sufficient, but in severe cases surgical intervention might be
required.