The Genetic Aspect of Non-Syndromic Cleft Lip and Palate towards Candidate Genes in the Etiology : A literature Review

Abstract

Cleft lip and cleft palate (CL/P) is a cleft lip deformity indicated by an opening or an uncommon cleft in
the lip or roof of the mouth (palate). The differences in ethnicity, gender, and the correlation with genetic
factors influence the prevalence of Non-syndromic CL/P. This study was conducted through a literature
review on genes that were allegedly associated with Non-syndromic CL/P. Genetics play a role, to a greater
or lesser extent, in all diseases. Besides, palatogenesis involves many diverse genes in a complex process.
In this case, oral cleft phenotypes develop when this process is disrupted in some manner because of gene
dysfunction. Various genetic approaches, including genome-wide and candidate gene association studies
as well as linkage analysis, have been undertaken to identify etiologic factors, but results have often been
inconclusive or contradictory. Therefore, it concludes that the genetic basis of CL/P is still controversial
because of the genetic complexity of clefting.