Estimation of the Cytotoxic Effects of Yucca Gloriosa Variegata Leaves Extract on Albino Mice

Abstract

Yucca gloriosa Variegata L. is a stemless. The whole plant of Y. gloriosa L. has vast medicinal uses. The
Native Americans and North New Mexico used a tea from the leaves and roots to treat asthma, headache,
wound healing. As well as it was being consumed as daily dietary. All part of Y. gloriosa L. is rich in saponin
steroidal glycosides. Saponin extracts are well-known to be highly toxic. Hence, present study was carried
out to investigate the toxicity of saponin and estimate the LD50 value which helps in determining the safe
dose range for the drug that be used, as well as to determine hematological aspects and examine histological
effect. Different concentrations of saponin extract were injected into male mice (10,000, 8000, 6000, 4000,
2000, 1600, 1200, 600, 300) mg/kg. The LD50 value of the saponin extract was estimated to be (3100mg/kg).
Hematological study was assessed by using various hematological parameters like RBC, WBC, LYM, MID.
Complete blood pictures of the treated mice indicated an evident leukocytosis and erythrocytopenia effect
of the drug. Treated-mice kidney tissues specimens were examined microscopically indicated clear signs of
heavy inflammation, necrosis and swelling of renal tubes, degeneration of renal tubes as well as hyaline and
hemorrhagic cast at high concentrations of leaves extract.