Soluble Cluster of Differentiation 25 (sCD25) as a Predictor of Mortality of COVID-19 Patients in Surabaya, Indonesia

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to analyze and determine the cut-off level of sCD25 as a predictor of
mortality in COVID-19 patients. In an observational analytic study with a prospective cohort design, the
study population was COVID-19 patients who were hospitalized at RIK RSUD Dr. Soetomo Surabaya
for the period July 2020-December 2020. Sampling was taken by consecutive sampling, divided into
two groups, mild-moderate and severe-critical groups. The examination of sCD25 levels in both groups
was carried out on day-0 and day-6 of hospitalization using the sandwich ELISA method. The paired
group statistical analysis used the Wilcoxon range test, the unpaired group used the Mann Withney
U test. ROC curve analysis to determine the cut off level of sCD25 as a predictor of mortality. There
were a total of 83 study patients consisting of 36 patients in the mild-moderate group, 47 patients in
the severe-critical group. There was a difference in sCD25 levels between mild-moderate COVID-19
patients who were treated on day-6 compared to day-0, whereas in the severe-critical group there was
no difference in sCD25 levels. There was a difference in sCD25 levels in COVID-19 patients between
the mild-moderate group by severe-critical. The level of sCD25 with a cut off of 3.14 ng/mL (AUC
0.719, p = 0.001) can be used as a predictor of mortality in COVID-19 patients with a sensitivity of
96.2%, a specificity of 47.4%. Levels of sCD25 >3.14 ng/mL can be used as a predictor of mortality in
COVID-19 patients