Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Cochlear Outer Hair Cell Function Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Due to Influence of Cisplatin

Abstract

Background: Nasopharyngeal carcinoma is a type of tumor sensitive to chemotherapy and radiotherapy.
One of the various chemotherapy drugs is cisplatin. However, the cisplatin effects on sensorineural
hearing loss and cochlear outer hair cell dysfunction in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma have not
been evidently discovered. Objective: This research aims to prove the cisplatin effects on sensorineural
hearing loss and cochlear outer hair cell dysfunction in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Materials and Methods: This research adopted analytical observation by employing a prospective
cohort study approach. In addition, the sampling technique implemented consecutive sampling. This
research was conducted at the ENT-HN Outpatient Unit (URJ) of the Neuro-otology Division of
Dr.Soetomo Public Hospital during September-November 2020 period. The auditory test was executed
by Pure-Tone Audiometry (ANM) and Distortion Product Otoacoustic Emission (DPOAE). Meanwhile,
the statistical analysis was assessed by the Wilcoxon and McNemar test. Results: This research involved
22 samples. The cumulative dose of cisplatin up to chemotherapy series III ranged from 260-270 mg
with an average of 265.45+5.10 mg. The results of the ANM test before and after chemotherapy series
III employing Wilcoxon test indicated significant differences in frequency of 500 Hz (p-value =0.014),
6000 Hz (p-value = 0.011), 8000 Hz (p-value = 0.019),10000 Hz (p-value = 0.000), and 12500 Hz
(p-value = 0.002). The frequency of 125 Hz with a p-value = 0.343, the frequency of 250 Hz with a
p-value = 0.690, the frequency of 1000 Hz with a p-value = 0.179, the frequency of 2000 Hz with a
p-value = 0.459, and the frequency of 4000 Hz with a p-value = 0.125 indicated no significant difference
witha p-value greater than 0.05. Meanwhile, the DPOAE test results before and after chemotherapy
series III utilizing the McNemar test demonstratedthe frequency of 1000 Hz (p-value = 1.000), 2,000
Hz (p-value = 0.453), 4000 Hz Hz (p-value = 1.000), 6000 Hz (p-value = 0.388), 8000 Hz (p-value =
0.754), and 1000 Hz (p-value = 1.000). The comparative analysis of the DPOAE test results before and
after chemotherapy Series 3 suggested no significant difference, with a p-value greater than 0.05 at all
frequencies. Conclusion: There were cisplatin effects on sensorineural hearing loss in patients with
nasopharyngeal carcinoma after chemotherapy series 3 based on ANM test at the frequencies of 500
Hz, 6000 Hz, 8000 Hz, 10000 Hz, and 12500 Hz. There were no cisplatin effects on cochlear outer haircell dysfunction in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma after chemotherapy series 3.