Study of Lopinavir/Ritonavir in Severe COVID-19 Patients with Comorbid Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus

Authors

  • Didik Hasmono
  • Ruth Marcelyna Ndoen
  • Risa Septinia
  • Arina Dery Puspitasar
  • Ruddy Hartono
  • Mohammad Subkhan

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.37506/ijfmt.v16i4.18570

Keywords:

: COVID-19, efficacy, lopinavir, ritonavir, side effects

Abstract

Background: Lopinavir/ritonavir is an antiviral studied for its effectiveness in healing severe COVID-19 infection;
however, it remains debated. This study determined the efficacy and evaluated the side effects of lopinavir/
ritonavir on severe COVID-19 patients with comorbid hypertension and diabetes mellitus.
Methods: Retrospective data collection was conducted from June to December 2020. The data were then analyzed
descriptively. Severe COVID-19 patients with hypertension and diabetes mellitus who received lopinavir/
ritonavir were grouped into groups A, B, C, D and observed based on other pharmaceutical therapies (antibiotics,
corticosteroids, anticoagulants, multivitamins and supplements, comorbid therapy, and symptomatic therapy)
obtained. The efficacy of lopinavir/ritonavir was identifiable through RT-PCR, oxygenation saturation, and chest
X-ray. The side effects of lopinavir/ritonavir were also be evaluated.
Results: Only 21 total sample met the inclusion criteria. The oral administration of lopinavir/ritonavir
(2 x 400/100 mg) was effective in groups A, B, C, and D whose negative RT-PCR results were respectively 10%,
48%, 5%, and 14%; normal oxygen saturation with the administration of oxygen therapy was 10%, 33%, 5%, and
5%, respectively; and chest X-ray improvement was 10%, 29%, 5%, and 14%, respectively. Lopinavir/ritonavir
could increase SGOT (46%), SGPT (27%), as well as a QT interval prolongation (5%).
Conclusion: The administration of lopinavir/ritonavir is effective to rule out negative RTPCR results, improve
chest X-ray imaging and oxygen saturation. Monitoring side effects merits more attention to avoid those potential
side effects of the therapies

Author Biographies

  • Didik Hasmono

    Lecturer and researcher in Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas
    Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

  • Ruth Marcelyna Ndoen

     Student in Bachelor Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

  • Risa Septinia

    Student in Magister Clinical Pharmacy Program, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia

  • Arina Dery Puspitasar

    Lecturer and researcher in Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas
    Airlangga, Surabaya and Clinical Pharmacist in Universitas Airlangga Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia,

  • Ruddy Hartono

    Clinical Pharmacist in Bhayangkara H.S. Samsoeri Mertojoso Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia,

  • Mohammad Subkhan

    Pulmonologist in Bhayangkara H.S. Samsoeri Mertojoso Hospital, Surabaya, Indonesia

Downloads

Published

2022-10-10

How to Cite

Study of Lopinavir/Ritonavir in Severe COVID-19 Patients with Comorbid Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus. (2022). Indian Journal of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, 16(4), 174-181. https://doi.org/10.37506/ijfmt.v16i4.18570