Relationship between Predisposition, Hypoxia and Chest Radiographs Abnormality on Mortality of 2-59 Months Old Children with Pneumonia

Abstract

Background: Pneumonia in children was significant cause of death in world.(1, 2) About 150 million cases of

pneumonia in under 5 years old children, 20 million cases include severe pneumonia with a high mortality

rate.(3, 4) Based on the 2012 Indonesian Demographic Health Survey, infant mortality rate due to pneumonia

was 40/1000 live births.(5) But there are no data describing factors that contribute to pneumonia mortality in

Indonesian children.

Objective: To analyze relationship between predisposition, hypoxia and chest radiographs on mortality of

2-59 months old children with pneumonia.

Methods: Retrospective case control study by taking secondary data through medical records for the period

2016-2018 in the Dr. Soetomo Hospital

Results: one hundred and four patients were enrolled, 52 patients were died (case group) and 52 patients

were cured (control group). Bivariate analysis show that factor of pneumonia mortality in children were

age under 12 months, non-exclusive breastfeeding, overcrowding, incomplete immunization, malnutrition,

comorbidities, hypoxia and extensive infiltrates, consolidation, pleural effusions on chest radiographs.

Logistic regression analysis show factors that most influenced the pneumonia mortality in children were

age under 12 months, malnutrition, overcrowding and extensive infiltrates, consolidation, pleural effusion

on plain chest radiographs

Conclusion: Age under 12 months, malnutrition, overcrowding and extensive infiltrate, consolidation,

pleural effusion on chest radiographs were the factors that most influence the pneumonia mortality.