Escherichia Coli in Musca Domestica Flies toward the Incidence of Diarrhoea in Children Under Five Years in around the Location of Traditional Fish Processing in the North Jakarta

Abstract

Poor environmental sanitation can cause diarrhoea. Transmission of diarrhoea can occur with faecal to oral
transmission. For example, faeces that contain bacteria, viruses, protozoa and worms transferred to food or
drinks either with zoonotic or anthroponotic cycles depending on the pathogen. Faecal to oral transmission in
infectious diarrhoea carried out by an intermediary zoonotic cycle has considered the insect fly as a potential
mechanical agent for the transmission of diarrhoeal disease. This study aims to assess the relationship of
Escherichia coli (E. coli) in Musca domestica flies to the incidence of diarrhoea in children under five in a
residential area around a traditional fish processing location in North Jakarta. This research used a crosssectional
design; the study conducted from May to June 2019. The study population was children under-fives
with a total sample of 97 respondents. Interviews and observations were carried out on mothers of children
under-fives as respondents about characteristics of children under-fives, mothers and basic sanitation factors.
The study also was done by measuring the density of flies using the Scudder technique with the Fly Grill
tool. The existence of E. coli measured by examining samples of Musca domestica flies caught by the Most
Probable Number (MPN) technique. There were significant results by statistical testing for independent
variables, which are high levels of fly density, incomplete childhood immunization, maternal education,
basic sanitation factors that did not include eligible for clean water supply facilities, household waste
disposal, wastewater management, and drinking water sources. Bivariate analysis revealed that there was
a significant relationship in positive E. coli sample of Musca domestica flies to diarrhoea in infants with
p-value=0,007. While non-exclusive breastfeeding and family toilet that did not eligible significantly related
to the incidence of children under five diarrhoea in the region.