Macrovascular and Microvascular Complications in Newly Diagnosed Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus

Abstract

Background and Objectives: India is claimed to be the diabetes capital of the world. Many studies had proven that
persistent hyperglycemia and associated metabolic syndrome features like hypertension, dyslipidemia and obesity
contribute to the development of vascular complications.
The present study aims to study the prevalence and clinical profile of microvascular and macrovascular complications in
newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.
Methods: The study is a clinical, prospective and observational study of 100 newly detected type 2 diabetics attending
medicine department outpatient/ inpatient, MMU hospital, ambala, form the subject for the study August 2018 to July
2020 (24 months) who matched the inclusion criteria.
Results: In this, 62 were males and 38 were females and the mean age was 54.05±13.24 years. 44% were detected when
they presented with multiple complications due to diabetes. Common complications which they presented were
coronary artery disease (15%), infection (12%), stroke (6%), ulcers (4%), neuropathy (4%) and diabetic ketoacidosis
(1%). The prevalence of macrovascular complications CAD, CVD and PAD was 26.0%, 8.0% and 11.0% respectively and
microvascular complications retinopathy, nephropathy and neuropathy was 20.0%, 34.0% and 16.0% respectively.High
incidence of complications especially microvascular and CAD occur with HbA1c of range >6.5. The correlation coefficient
of FBS and PPBS in relation to HbA1c was 0.56 and 0.57 respectively.
Conclusion: Smoking, increased BMI and waist circumference is associated with increased prevalence of diabetes.
There is high prevalence of coronary artery disease, retinopathy and nephropathy at diagnosis.HbA1c levels predict the
prevalence of complications.