The Environmental Health Risk Analysis regarding Hepatitis A Transmission among Street Food Vendor in Indonesia
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37506/m4v7s010Keywords:
Hepatitis A, street food vendor, informal worker, Environmental Health Risk Assessment, ISO 3100 Risk ManagementAbstract
This study aimed to conduct hazard identification and risk assessment for the transmission of hepatitis A among street food vendors (SFVs), whereas risk management was generated. This observational analytic study was conducted in Jember Regency - Indonesia. Cluster random sampling was employed, wherein five distinct locus were selected representing SFVs in campus area and local market area. A total of 100 SFVs in Jember participated in this study. Data was collected using a questionnaire. The risk assessment was measured by multiplying the likelihood and consequence. Additionally, the data was subjected to descriptive analysis. This study found the identification of hazards among SFVs was found inadequate sanitation facilities, poor food processing practice (improper handling of raw ,- cooked ingredients, and poor food serving), limited availability of clean water,substandard building and layout were observed as potential hazards for the transmission of hepatitis A. The risk assessment found inadequate sanitation facilities (18 point), negative attitude (18 point), poor quality assurance (16 point), and food contamination (14 point) have high scores. The risk management including: a) location and building: providing specific location, and maintaining cleanliness of the furniture and equipment on a regular basis, b) sanitation facility: provision of sanitary waste bin, communal toilet and wastewater drainage system; fly control measures, and using piped water supply, c) food processing: increasing food handler personal hygiene, and standard food handling process.In conclusion, the risk of Hepatitis A transmission among street vendors remains high and poses a threat in Jember, indicating the need for health education for the street vendors. Additionally, the author recommends policymakers to implement regular monitoring or inspection of the food quality and the necessity of providing clean water facilities or other fundamental facilities to SFVs.
References
WHO. Hepatitis A. 2022. [Internet]. Available from:https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/
detail/hepatitis-a#:~:text=WHO%20 estimates%20 that%20in%202016,a%20 tendency%20for%20cyclic%20recurrences. (accessed on: June 2023)
Abutaleb A, Konttilil S. Hepatitis A Epidemiology,Natural History, Unusual Clinical Manifestations, and
Prevention. GastroenterolClin N Am. 2020; 49: 191-199
Kemenkes. LaporanHasil RisetKesehatan Dasar Indonesia 2010. Jakarta: BadanPenelitianPengembanganKesehatan; 2013
Migueres M, Lhomme S, Izopet J. Hepatitis A:Epidemiology, High-Risk Group, Prevention and
Research on Antiviral Treatment. Viruses. 2021;13:1900
Wang X, Ren J, Gao Q, Hu Z, Sun Y, Li X. et al. Hepatitis A Virus and the Origins of Picornaviruses.
Nature.2015; 517:85–88.
Ahmad T, Adnan F, Nadeem M, et al. Assessment of the risk for human health of enterovirus and hepatitis
A virus in clinical and water sources from three metropolitan cities of Pakistan. Ann Agric Environ
Med.2018; 25(4):708–13.
Ma L, Chen H, Yan H. et al. Food safety knowledge,attitudes, and behavior of street food vendors and
consumers in Handan, a third tier city in China. BMC Public Health. 2019; 19:1128.
Harianto A &Ardani E. Street Food Vendors’Hygiene and Sanitation Practice In Jakarta Street
Food Courts (PUJASERA). UltimaManagement:JurnalIlmuManajemen. 2021; 13(1):136-147.
Kemenkes RI.Pedomananalisisrisikokesehatanlingkungan (ARKL).
Jakarta: Ditjen P2 dan PL; 2012.
US-EPA. Exposure Factors Handbook, EPA 600/8-89/043. Cincinnati, OH: US Environmental Protection
Agency;1990.
Kemenkes. PedomanPengendalian Hepatitis Virus.Jakarta: Ditjen PP & PL;2012.
BPS. JemberDalamAngka (Jember in Figure). Jember:BadanPusatStatistik; 2021.
Permenkes No. 1096/MENKES/PER/VI/2011tentangHigieneSanitasiJasa Boga; 2011.
International Standard Organization. ISO 31000 Risk Management- Principles and Guidelines. Switzerland: International Standard Organization; 2009.
Sepadi MM, Nkosi V. Health Risk Assessment of Informal Food Vendors: A Comparative Study in Johannesburg, South Africa. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health.2023; 20:2736.
Alem K. Bacterial Load Assessment of some Food Items Sold in Street in Woldia Town, North-East Ethiopia. J
Pure ApplMicrobiol.2020;14(3):1845-1854.
Hassan JK and Fweja LWT. Food Hygienic Practices and Safety Measures among Street Food Vendors in
Zanzibar Urban District. eFood. 2020;1:332-338
Werkneh AA, Tewelde MA, Gebrehiwet TA, Islam MA, Belew MT. Food safety knowledge, attitude and practices of street food vendors and associated factors in Mekelle city, Northern Ethiopia. Heliyon.2023; 9(4):e15126.
Huynh-Van, B., Vuong-Thao, V. et al. Factors
associated with food safety compliance among street food vendors in Can Tho city, Vietnam: implications for intervention activity design and implementation. BMC Public Health.2022;22.
Tropea A. Microbial Contamination and Public Health: An Overview. Int J Environ Res Public Health.2022;19(12):7441.
Issa M, Rivière G, Houdeau E and Adel-Patient K. Perinatal exposure to foodborne inorganic nanoparticles: A role in the susceptibility to food allergy? Front. Allergy. 2022; 3:1067281
Ganesan K, Sukalingam K, Xu B. Impact of consumption of repeatedly heated cooking oils on the
incidence of various cancers- A critical review. Crit Rev Food SciNutr.2019;59(3):488-505.
K e p u t u s a n M e n t e r i K e s e h a t a n R e p u b l i k
Indonesia Nomor 1098/Menkes/SK/VII/2003tentangPedomanPersyaratan HygieneSanitasiRumahMakanan; 2003.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.