An Observational Study on Clinical Profile and Outcome of Japanese Encephalitis Patients Admitted in the Department of Medicine of a Tertiary Care Hospital of North Bank of Assam, India
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37506/26j0p608Keywords:
Acute Encephalitis Syndrome, Japanese Encephalitis, Vaccination.Abstract
Background: A significant public health issue in India is Japanese encephalitis (JE), which has a high fatality rate
and causes residual neurological damage in survivors. The goal of the current study was to examine JE positive
among patients who had been admitted with acute encephalitis syndrome (AES) and to analyse the differences
in clinical profile, disease severity, neurological consequences, and mortality rate in Tezpur Medical College and
Hospital.
Methods: This study is a retrospective observational study in a patients who were diagnosed as Japanese
encephalitis on the basis of JEV-specific IgM antibodies in blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples. The study
included 32 Japanese Encephalitis positive patients admitted in Tezpur Medical College and Hospital (who met
the clinical case definition of AES) and thus, their clinical profile and outcome were analysed.
Result: A total 32 JE cases were enrolled in the study diagnosed with CSF and Serum IgM ELISA antibody test.
All of them were Serum IgM ELISA antibody positive, 9(28%) cases were both Serum and CSF IgM antibody
positive. Most common age group affected was 12-20 years(31%). 59.37% cases recovered completely, 21.87% had
neurological sequelae at the time of discharge and 18.75% died at ward.
Conclusion: Japanese Encephalitis is one of the leading cause of AES in India. In our study it has been seen
that GCS score on presentation and CSF cell counts has positive association with mortality and disease sequale.
Adequate care and treatment should be provided in order to avoid subsequent complications/sequale. Proper
vaccination and vector control can prevent or mitigate this disease.
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