General Nutrition Knowledge, and Dietary Intake among Sportsmen and Coaches: A Review Study

Abstract

Nutrition knowledge is an important factor that influences the nutritional status and health of the individual, group or community. Research studies have been trying to develop a reliable tool which can measure nutrition-related knowledge, nutrition-related awareness and its effect on dietary behaviour. Sports nutritionists usually base their dietary interventions on a nutrition education program with dietary guidelines. There are no. of cross-sectional studies for both coaches and athletes, reporting on nutrition knowledge. Achieving optimal physical condition and maximising athletic performance both depend heavily on nutrition. Our diet provides our bodies with the energy and nutrients they need to sustain physical activity, improve muscular function, and aid in recuperation. 
Any physical fitness program is incomplete without nutrition as it is an integral part of physical fitness. For any sportsman, the dietary goal is to obtain adequate nutrition to improve their health and fitness or performance in sports. A carefully organized nutrition program greatly improves athletic performance.
 Nutritional status is a crucial factor in determining the physical fitness and training of a sports individual. For sportsmen energy requirement or nutrient requirements are high due to their game. As it is known, appropriate nutrition improves the physical performance of the sportsmen. On the other hand, inadequate intake of nutrients leads to nutrient deficiencies therefore leading to poor performance and health problems. Many studies have provided strong evidence that optimal nutrition supports physical activity, recovery and athlete performance. 
However Apart from less nutritional knowledge, there are several factors such as restrictive dietary intake or 
excessive exercise which influence healthy eating. In addition, lack of knowledge, zeal to follow a nutritious diet, lack of money and lack of time, can be a potential reason not to follow a healthy diet. Athletes generally rely on their coaches for nutrition-related guidance. So, when coaches have less knowledge about nutrition it can be a potential problem for athletes to follow a healthy diet.
 In some Cross-sectional studies, it is found that Coaches Play a key role in providing nutritional-related information. 
However, they were not aware of the importance of nutrition on performance therefore not giving the necessary importance to their diets. Coaches have inadequate knowledge about sports nutrition and their role is critical as they are prime contact for the athletes to know about their diet to enhance their performance