Association of Hypothyroidism with Diabetes Mellitus in Antenatal Women: A Cross Sectional Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37506/kfa56842Keywords:
Antenatal women, Diabetes mellitus, HypothyroidismAbstract
Introduction: Pregnancy is a state of endocrinal changes and increased metabolic demand. In Western India, the prevalence of gestational diabetes has been reported as 9.5%. Similarly about 10-15% of antenatal women have thyroid dysfunction in 1st half of pregnancy which is hypo or hyperthyroidism.
Objectives- The purpose of this study is to evacuate the association of Hypothyroidism with Diabetes mellitus in antenatal women.
Material and Methods – A cross sectional study was carried out in the Obstetrics & Gynaecology department of Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, AMU, Aligarh. Total 420 women between 16 to 32 years of age were enrolled in the study after taking consent. All antenatal women were screened for diabetes and thyroid dysfunction in order to determine the prevalence of diabetes and hypothyroidism in pregnancy and to find the association between hypothyroidism and diabetes mellitus.
Result- Among 420 antenatal women screened for diabetes mellitus, 38 (9.05%) were found to be diabetic women and 87 were hypothyroid (20.71%). Out of 38 women diagnosed with diabetes 15 (39.5%) antenatal women were associated with hypothyroidism. Among 382 nondiabetic, 72 (18.8%) women were associated with hypothyroidism. The association of thyroid dysfunction with diabetes mellitus was statistically significant (p <0.05).
Conclusion- Prevalence of diabetes was more or less the same as compared to previous studies while the prevalence of hypothyroidism was much higher than previous studies though the cut off level of serum TSH was low in our study. Thyroid dysfunction hypothyroidism was strongly associated with diabetes mellitus in pregnancy.
References
Bhatt AA, Dhore PB, Purandare VB, Sayyad MG, Mandal MK, Unnikrishnan AG. Gestational diabetes mellitus in rural population of Western India–Results of a community survey. Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism. 2015 Jul;19(4):507-510
Shahbazian H, Shahbazian N, Baniani MR, Yazdanpanah L, Latifi SM. Evaluation of thyroid dysfunction in pregnant women with gestational and pre-gestational diabetes. Pakistan journal of medical sciences. 2013 Apr;29(2):638-641
Vitacolonna E, Lapolla A, Di Nenno B, Passante A, Bucci I, Giuliani C, Cerrone D, Capani F, Monaco F, Napolitano G. Gestational diabetes and thyroid autoimmunity. International journal of endocrinology. 2012;2012.
Erik K. Alexander, Elizabeth N. Pearce, Gregory A. Brent Rosalind S. Brown, Herbert Chen, Chrysoula Dosiou, William A. Grobman,Peter Laurberg, John H. Lazarus, Susan J. Mandel, Robin P. Peeters, Scott Sullivan. 2017 Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the Diagnosis and Management of Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy and the Postpartum. American Thyroid Association & Mary Ann Liebert, Inc. Volume 27, Number 3, 2017.
The American Thyroid Association Taskforce on Thyroid Disease During Pregnancy and Postpartum, Stagnaro- Green A, Abalovich M, Alexander E et al. Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and postpartum. Thyroid. 2011; 21:1081-125.
Balaji V, Balaji M, Anjalakshi C, Cynthia A, Arthi T, Seshiah V. Diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus in Asian-Indian women. Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism. 2011 Jul;15(3):187-190
Singh A, Uma B. Incidence of gestational diabetes mellitus and its outcomes in a rural population. J Evol Med Dent Sci. 2013 Apr 1; 2(13):1982-7.
Bhavadharini B, Mahalakshmi MM, Anjana RM, Maheswari K, Uma R, Deepa M, Unnikrishnan R, Ranjani H, Pastakia SD, Kayal A, Ninov L. Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in urban and rural Tamil Nadu using IADPSG and WHO 1999 criteria (WINGS 6). Clinical diabetes and endocrinology. 2016 Dec; 2(1):8.
Muche AA, Olayemi OO, Gete YK. Prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus and associated factors among women attending antenatal care at Gondar town public health facilities, Northwest Ethiopia. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2019 Dec 1; 19(1):334.
Casey BM, Dashe JS, Wells CE, McIntire DD, Byrd W, Leveno KJ, Cunningham FG. Subclinical hypothyroidism and pregnancy outcomes. Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2005 Feb 1;105(2):239-45.
Rao V, Lakshmi A, Sadhnani M. Prevalence of hypothyroidism in recurrent pregnancy loss in first trimester. Indian journal of medical sciences. 2008 Sep 1; 62(9):359.
Dhanwal DK, Bajaj S, Rajput R, Subramaniam KA, Chowdhury S, Bhandari R, Dharmalingam M, Sahay R, Ganie A, Kotwal N, Shriram U. Prevalence of hypothyroidism in pregnancy: An epidemiological study from 11 cities in 9 states of India. Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism. 2016 May;20(3):387-390.
Pillai NS, Bennett J. Prevalence of hypothyroidism amongst pregnant women: a study done in rural set up. Thyroid. 2018;11(3):4: 1586-1591
Kalra B, Choudhary M, Thakral M, Kalra S. Prevalence of hypothyroidism in term pregnancies in North India. Indian journal of endocrinology and metabolism. 2018 Jan; 22(1):13-15.
Parham M, Asgarani F, Bagherzadeh M, Ebrahimi G, Vafaeimanesh J. Thyroid function in pregnant women with gestational diabetes: Is screening necessary?. Thyroid Research and Practice. 2015 Jan 1;12(1):3-7
Divakar H, Singh R, Narayanan P, Kulkarni B, Hegde A. Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, GDM, Hypothyroidism, India, DIPSI, Association. Dual Endocrinopathy-The Nexus between Hyperglycaemia (Gestational Diabetes) and Hypothyroidism among Pregnant Women in India. 2017 Jul 28(96480).
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/deed.en