Trends in Home and Caesarean Deliveries Across Districts of Kerala (2019–2024):A Secondary Analysis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37506/1rtwgz52Keywords:
Maternal health, District, Kerala, Home deliveries, Caesarean sectionAbstract
Background: Kerala is recognised for its strong maternal and newborn health outcomes, characterised by low maternal and neonatal mortality rates and high coverage of antenatal care. However, recent trends suggest persistent challenges related to delivery practices, including rising caesarean section rates and home births. While existing studies examine these emerging trends at a broader level, there is limited evidence at the district level over the years.
Objective: This study analyses district-level patterns in home births and caesarean deliveries across Kerala between 2019 and 2024.
Method: The study used annual administrative data reported by Kerala’s Directorate of Health Services. The indicators included the number of home deliveries and caesarean sections. Descriptive analysis and district-wise visualisations were employed to highlight patterns.
Results: The findings consistently show high rates of caesarean sections in most districts, with Malappuram recording over 25,000 caesarean deliveries annually from 2019 to 2024. Other districts such as Kozhikode, Kollam, and Ernakulam also reported higher figures, each exceeding 10,000 in most years. In comparison, Idukki and Wayanad reported lower figures in the state; however, they still account for a significant number, with over 3,000 in most years. Although home deliveries remained low overall, districts like Malappuram and Wayanad showed relatively higher figures, with Malappuram reporting notable numbers ranging from 198 in 2019–20 to 252 in 2023–24.
Conclusion: The findings highlight persistently high caesarean section rates. Home births remained relatively low across most districts in the state, except for a few. Improving maternal health delivery services by promoting safe, evidence-based practices and monitoring the use of unnecessary medical interventions is essential for enhancing maternal outcomes throughout the state.
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