A Comprehensive Review: Risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis and management of mucormycosis
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.37506/hz5hv580Keywords:
mucormycosis, COVID19, risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis, management.Abstract
Background: Mucormycosis, also known as black fungus, is a rare yet aggressive opportunistic fungal infection primarily caused by molds of the order Mucorales. It predominantly affects immunocompromised individuals, including those with uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, malignancies, organ transplants, or prolonged corticosteroid use. The COVID-19 pandemic further escalated mucormycosis incidence, particularly in countries like India, due to widespread steroid use and immune suppression. The pathogenesis involves spore inhalation or inoculation, followed by rapid hyphal growth, angioinvasion, tissue necrosis, and dissemination to organs such as the brain and lungs. Diagnosis relies on clinical suspicion supported by imaging, histopathology, culture, and molecular techniques. Radiological modalities like CT and MRI play crucial roles in early detection and surgical planning. Prompt and aggressive treatment combining antifungal therapy mainly liposomal amphotericin B or posaconazole and surgical debridement is vital for improving outcomes.
Conclusion: Despite advancements, mucormycosis remains associated with high morbidity and mortality, necessitating heightened awareness, early intervention, and risk factor control. This review consolidates current insights into the epidemiology, risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnostic strategies, and treatment modalities of mucormycosis, emphasizing the need for multidisciplinary management to mitigate its severe consequences.
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